2011年10月14日 星期五

試析「船舶貨物裝卸承攬契約」之重要條款(貳)

陸、【代理(Agent)】:
(建議條文一):
The Customer may, subject to prior notification in writing to the Contractor, appoint an agent in respect of the Container Terminal Services and other services and facilities provided by the Contractor pursuant to this Agreement, in which event, the Customer shall be deemed to have authorized the Agent to act on the Customer’s behalf in respect of all matters hereunder including to pay to or receive from the Contractor all sums due under this Agreement unless the Customer notifies the Contractor to the contrary at the time of such appointment or any time thereafter and:
(譯文):
除非另行通知,否則客戶即得以事前書面通知,就碼頭公司所提供的「貨櫃碼頭服務」、其他服務暨設施,指定一代理人代為處理包括依本約收支款項等事宜,及:。

(建議條文二):
(a)The Contractor shall be entitled at any time and from time to time hereafter, to act upon any instruction, request, notice or other communication from the Agent without prior reference to the Customer and to receive from and to pay to the Agent any sums due under this Agreement (including any rebate);
(譯文):
(a)碼頭公司毋庸與客戶確認,即得隨時依前開代理人的指示、要求、通知,或其他說明而行事,及依約收支款項(包括任何折扣在內)。

(建議條文三):
(b)Any payment made by the Contractor to the Agent pursuant to this Agreement shall be held by the Agent in trust for the Customer and the receipt of the Agent of such payment shall be a full and sufficient discharge of the Contractor in respect of such payment;
(譯文):
(b)碼頭公司依約支付予代理人的款項,應由代理人代客戶信託保管。代理人對於前開款項所為的收執,足為免除碼頭公司支付義務的證明。

(建議條文四):
(c)Any payment made by the Contractor to the Agent pursuant to this Agreement shall only be made to the Agent for the time being when such payments fall due without any apportionment or deduction whatsoever with any other person;
(譯文):
(c)碼頭公司依約支付予代理人的款項,應於期限屆至時支付予代理人而不得有第三人參與分配或抵減的情況下為之。

(建議條文五):
(d) The power granted to the Contractor under sub-clause (a) above shall continue until the Contractor receives notice from the Customer to cease acting upon such communication or to cease the receipt and/or making of such payments from and to the Agent thereafter.
(譯文):
(d)前開第一項的授權有效期間,將持續到碼頭公司收到客戶要求終止時為止。

(說明):
客戶在自己分身乏術的時候,可以授權所謂的「代理人」代為及代受意思表示,而碼頭公司在如是情況下,即毋庸再與客戶做重覆的確認(double-check),即得信賴「代理人」的作為或不作為,並將其最後的效果歸屬在客戶(即「本人」)身上,此一條款可謂係針對所謂「代理」的一般性規定,亦可謂係與一般民法上攸關「代理」的規定暨效果並無不同。

柒、【客戶與碼頭公司的聲明、保證與承諾(Representations, Warranties and Undertakings of the Customer and Contractor)】:
(建議條文一):
The Customer hereby represents, warrants and undertakes to the Contractor that:

Its shall, throughout the Term, pay the Rates and all other amounts agreed to be paid by it under this Agreement for Container Terminal Services or such other services provided to it;

It shall, throughout the Term, comply fully with the terms of this Agreement and all applicable laws and regulations issued by any competent authority having jurisdiction;

It shall, throughout the Term, be duly incorporated, validly existing and in good standing under the laws of the place of its incorporation, have full power to carry on its business and own its property and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, - and shall, throughout the Term, comply with all statutory and other requirements relative to its business:-
(a) it has taken all necessary corporate and other steps and has obtained all necessary consents and approvals (if any) to authorize the execution, delivery and performance of this Agreement;
(b) this Agreement, as executed and delivered, constitutes and continues, throughout the Term, to constitute, valid and legally binding obligations on the Customer in accordance with its terms; and
(c) it shall, throughout the Term, observe and comply with all operating requirements regarding the Customer Container Ships and Customer Containers imposed by the Contractor pursuant to the laws of the jurisdiction where the Port is situated, or as otherwise accepted by the Customer.
(譯文):
客戶於此聲明、保證與承諾:
其於契約效期內會依約定費率支付費用;
其於契約效期內會遵守契約與法令的規定;
其於契約效期內係有效成立且合法生效的公司,其有營業與擁有自己資產的權利,包括簽署與履行本約的權義。其於契約效期內,會遵守攸關其業務的所有法定或其他需求:
(a) 為執行與履行本約,其已經採取所有必要的步驟,亦已取得所有必要的同意與許可;
(b) 本約經簽署成立生效之後,於效期內有效約束客戶依約履行的義務;
(c) 其於契約效期內,應遵守碼頭公司針對船舶與貨櫃依法所頒行的操作規則,或其他客戶所願意遵守的規則。

(說明):
一般契約內均會針對簽約主體給予若干聲明、保證與承諾事項,其實其宣誓的意義大於實質上的意義。雖然如此,但其仍有其法律上的效力,具有拘束當事人的性質,爰若有違反,自屬違約而有後續責任補償的問題。

(建議條文二):
The Contractor hereby represents, warrants and undertakes to the Customer that:

It has obtained and will, throughout the Term, obtain and maintain in full force and effect all consents, licenses, authorizations, approvals, exemptions of any governmental, fiscal, monetary or other agency or authority and all other acts, conditions or things necessary for or required to ensure (i) the due execution, delivery and performance by it of and under this Agreement (ii) its compliance with, and performance of the terms and conditions of this Agreement; and (iii) the legality and validity of and the enforceability against it of, or admissibility in evidence of, this Agreement,

(a) it shall, throughout the Term, be duly incorporated, validly exist and in good standing under the laws of the Port is situated, have full power to carry on its business and own its property and to enter into and perform its obligations under this Agreement, and shall, throughout the Term, comply with all statutory and other requirements relative to its business. Each Party agrees to furnish the other Party such evidence of its due authorization and execution of this Agreement as the other Party may reasonably require.
(b) this Agreement, as executed and delivered, constitutes and continues, throughout the Term, to constitute, valid and legally binding obligations on the Contractor in accordance with its terms;
(c) it shall throughout the Term, comply fully with the terms of this Agreement and with all applicable laws and regulations issued by any authority having jurisdiction;
(d) it shall, throughout the Term, cooperate with the Customer to reduce the costs incurred in respect of the Container Terminal Services provided to the Customer and its Container Ships and when any such reduction is attributable to the joint efforts of the Contractor and the Customer, the benefit of such reductions shall be shared equally between the Contractor and the Customer;
(e) it shall throughout the Term be fully compliant with the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code) and, upon request, provide the Customer with documentation of such compliance, and promptly advise the Customer of issues of non-compliance and/or where certificate is withdrawn;
(f) assist the Customer, at the Customer’s cost and expense and as the Customer reasonably requires, to obtain and maintain all licenses and permits necessary for the Customer to operate and to continue operating at the Container Terminal.
(譯文):
碼頭公司於此聲明、保證與承諾:
在契約效期內,其已經取得及即將取得及保有所有政府、財政、金融上或其他機關組織的同意函、證書、授權書、核准、豁免的有效性,及為確保(i)履約與執行的正當;(ii)契約的遵守與履行;及(iii)契約的合法、有效、可執行,與被認同,所為的其他一切行為。

(a) 其於契約效期內,依港口所在地國的法律合法成立、生效與營業,有權執行業務與擁有自己的資產,及依約履行其義務。其於契約效期內,會遵守所有攸關其營業上的所有法令及其他要求。在合理的請求下,契約的一方同意提供他方其有合法授權及執行契約的證明;
(b) 本約一經簽署即於約定效期內,構成約束碼頭公司依約履行的義務;
(c) 其於契約效期內會嚴格遵守本約的規定,及其他管轄機關所頒行的法令;
(d) 其於契約效期內會與客戶攜手合作,以降低有關貨櫃碼頭服務的所有成本與費用。若雙方共同降低成本與費用的努力有成,則所生的利益應由碼頭公司與客戶平均分享;
(e) 其於契約效期內應嚴格遵守「國際船舶與港口設施保安規則」(the International Ship and Port Facility Security Code (ISPS Code)),及應客戶的要求提供遵守的證明。除此之外,亦應該立即通知客戶若其有任何未能遵守及(或)證書被撤銷的情況;
(f) 以客戶的費用及依客戶的合理要求,協助客戶取得及維持所有客戶於貨櫃碼頭運作所需的證書與核准函。

(說明):
與前開「客戶的聲明、保證與承諾」做一比較,這裡祇不過是要求的項目顯然增多而已,尤其是有關碼頭營運的政府許可證書,及「國際船舶與港口設施保安規則」(ISPS Code)遵守,則是最大的不同點。碼頭公司在審閱契約條款的時候,即應自忖其是否可以達到這些要求。若有任何困難,即應該立即提出修正的要求,免得屆時無法遵守,而造成違約的情況發生。其實所有的契約磋商過程都一樣,在當事人收到契約稿本的時候,即應該謹慎地仔細研讀,預想未來是否會有任何履行上的困難,及所有可能會發生的情況,始得「防範於未然」,讓整份契約能夠走的長長遠遠、平平順順。蓋當事人莫不希望契約一經簽署完成,即可以束之高閣,毋庸再予理會矣。祇是這種「理想狀況」,有賴當事人的努力以赴,與諸多因素的配合,才有可能達成(待續)。

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