「接駁運送人協議書」釋疑（貳）

伍、【責任與補償】：
The Connecting Carrier shall be responsible for and indemnify the Mainline Carrier, its servants and agents against and hold the Mainline Carrier, its servants and agents harmless from all and any claims losses, damage, liabilities, expenses and costs (legal or other) of whatsoever nature and howsoever arising (whether in whole or in part and whether or not arising from any act, neglect or default on the part of the Mainline Carrier, its servants or agents) which the Mainline Carrier may incur (directly or indirectly) in connection with and / or arising out of any transportation and / or storage of the Goods (hereunder or otherwise) for which the Connecting Carrier is responsible and / or during which transportation or storage the Goods are in the Connecting Carrier’s control, possession or custody (including, but not limited to, any circumstances involving alleged or actual loss of and / or damage to and / or delay to and / or misdelivery of the Goods in connection with and / or arising out of such transportation and / or storage) except only that the Connecting Carrier shall not be obliged so to indemnify and / or hold harmless in respect of any loss, damage, delay or misdelivery which results directly and solely from the gross recklessness or willful misconduct of the Mainline Carrier, its agents, servants or employees.
（除了滅失、毀損、遲延，或誤交，係直接且完全係導因於主航線運送人，其代理人、受任人，或受僱人的重大過失或故意失當行之外，接駁運送人應該為本協議書的貨物運送、儲存，及（或）貨物的運送、儲存係在接駁運送人的控制、持有或管領範圍內，對於主航線運送人直接或間接所可能會發生的滅失、毀損、責任、費用與代價（不論其本質與理由，及是否係屬於訴訟費用）（包括，但不限於，所有實際上或宣稱上的滅失、毀損、遲延，或誤交），對主航線運送人，其受任人與代理人負起補償的責任，並確保其不受到任何的侵害）。

The Connecting Carrier shall be obliged to carry the Goods in accordance with the U.S. “Torricelli Law” and shall be responsible for and indemnify the Mainline Carrier, its servants and agents against and hold the Mainline Carrier, its servants and agents harmless from all and any claim losses, damage, liabilities, expenses and costs (legal or other) of whatsoever nature and howsoever arising out of any breach by Connecting Carrier (whether in whole or in part and whether or not arising from any act, neglect or default on the part of the Mainline Carrier, its servants or agents).
（接駁運送人在運送貨物的時候，應該遵守美國對於古巴禁運法令的規定（Torricelli Law），且應該為違反時所產生的滅失、毀損、責任與代價（不論其本質與理由，及是否係屬於訴訟費用）（且不論是全部或部分，與是否係導因於主航線運送人、其受任人或代理人的作為，過失或錯誤），對主航線運送人，其受任人與代理人負起補償的責任，並確保其不受到任何的侵害）。

Notwithstanding anything contained herein (including, but without limitation, the provisions of Clause 11, The Hague Rules) or contained in the Connecting Carrier's tariff, long or short form bill of lading or any other agreement whatsoever and whensoever made between the Parties or any statute or convention to the contrary, and without prejudice to the generality of the foregoing indemnity / hold harmless, the Connecting Carrier agrees that in no event whatsoever shall the amount of its liability to the Mainline Carrier arising out of or in connection with this Agreement (and / or the transportation or storage of any Goods, pursuant to or in connection with this Agreement or the services envisaged by it) be less than the total amount of the Mainline Carrier’s losses (including, but without limitation, any loss, damage, liability, compromise, expense and costs (legal or other) )incurred in connection with any claim brought by any third party against the Mainline Carrier, its servants and agents in connection with or arising out of the transportation and / or storage of the Goods during any period in which the Connecting Carrier is responsible for the Goods and / or the Goods are in the Connecting Carrier’s control, possession or custody. In the event of any such claim being brought by a third party and the Mainline Carrier seeking an indemnity from the Connecting Carrier hereunder or otherwise, the Connecting Carrier expressly waives / renounces absolutely any entitlement, howsoever arising, to limit the amount of or exclude his liability.

（請洽kelly0720@gmail.com購買閱讀點數）。

In the event of any loss or damage sustained to the Mainline Carrier’s equipments and/or containers are beyond the Connecting Carrier's control, the Connecting Carrier may exempt from liability of indemnification but shall be obliged to take proper actions and proceeding to claim against the liable party for the interests of the Mainline Carrier. The Connecting Carrier is liable for any loss or damage sustained to the Mainline Carrier’s equipments and / or containers while in the possession or custody or under the responsibility and / or control of the Connecting Carrier and shall indemnify the Mainline Carrier for full amount of the cost of such loss or damaged. In case of container total loss, the Connecting Carrier shall give notice in writing of such total loss to the Mainline Carrier and pay the Mainline Carrier the depreciated replacement value of the container. The depreciated replacement value per container is determined by depreciating the replacement value on monthly basis at the rate of five(5) percent per annum, commencing from the manufacture date of the container. The replacement value of each type of the container are as following. However, the depreciated replacement value shall not be less than fifty (50) percent of the replacement value.

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接下來，我們談到「接駁運送人協議書」中的重點所在，即所謂「責任條款」的部分。首先，在談到「責任」問題的時候，我們要確保在協議書中一定要有一條款敘明：如果貨物的毀損或滅失，係發生在接駁運送人的管領範圍內者，則接駁運送人對於主航線運送人應負的責任，絕對不得少於主航線運送人應該對於貨主所負擔的責任，此即前開條款第3段中所述及的：「… the Connecting Carrier agrees that in no event whatsoever shall the amount of its liability to the Mainline Carrier arising out of or in connection with this Agreement … … be less than the total amount of the Mainline Carrier’s losses … … incurred in connection with any claim brought by any third party against the Mainline Carrier … … in connection with or arising out of the transportation and/or storage of the Goods during any period in which the Connecting Carrier is responsible for the Goods and/or the Goods are in the Connecting Carrier’s control, possession or custody」。換句話說，主航線運送人如果依照其所簽發的載貨證券（提單）上的記載，而必須為貨物交予接駁運送人運送時所產生的風險，向貨主負起責任時，則主航線運送人應該事先確認其可以自接駁運送人處，取得「全面性」的補償保證，而沒有任何「失誤」（譬如說：不能讓接駁運送人可以有主張責任限額的藉口，導致主航線運送人對於貨主所負的賠償責任，與主航線運送人可以自接駁運送人處所獲得的補償間產生了「缺口」）。

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事實上，「主航線運送人」與「接駁運送人」之間還可以採用若干不同的契約架構來達成前開目的：
一、 最直接的方式，即由接駁運送人簽發「提單」予主航線運送人收執（除此之外，雙方並未簽署任何協議書）。而這時候前開提單，最常見的功能即成為主航線運送人與接駁運送人間簽署運送契約（the contract of carriage）的證明、物權憑證（a document of title），及貨物收受（或運送）的收據（receipt）；
二、 (請洽kelly0720@gmail.com購買閱讀點數) ；及
三、 最後的一種方式，其法律上的權利義務關係，即以這裡所提及的「接駁運送人協議書」（稱之為CCA或Feeder Agreements）呈現。而這些協議書中大多有一種傾向，即在商業條款上較為保護主航線運送人，譬如說：在這裡主航線運送人，針對艙位並沒有提供最少數量的租傭承諾，即為適例。

另外，針對舉證責任的問題，我們建議在協議書中亦應該加註一項條款，要求接駁運送人在發生意外事故或貨物毀損滅失情況時，應該適時地提供主航線運送人所有且必需要的船舶文件與記事簿（究竟接駁運送人才是實際上執行運送任務的主體），包括：航海記事簿、機艙日誌、冷凍櫃記事簿、維修紀錄簿、船級證書，與貨物裝載配置圖等，以釐清事故責任的歸屬問題（待續）。